Below are 27 short descriptions of psychology experiments, each with a code. For each one, classify the KEY FINDING as described: INTERACTION: the finding is that the effect of one factor depends on another factor (it appears for some people or conditions and not others, it differs between two conditions or groups, or it is a difference of differences). SIMPLE: one manipulation (or one comparison between two conditions, or one correlation) compared on one outcome, with no second factor that the effect depends on. Judge only from the text given. Do not guess which famous study it is. Answer with ONE json object mapping each code to "INTERACTION" or "SIMPLE", then one line per code with a short reason. [F01] Question: Do people belief that tempting fate leads to negative consequences? How it was measured: Participants imagined a scenario in which they would come to a lecture in which the professor picks out one student to answer a difficult question in front of the entire class. In one group, participants imagined that they tempted fate by coming to the lecture unprepared. In the other group, participants imagined that they came to the lecture prepared. Afterwards, participants had to estimate how likely it was that they would get chosen. What was found: If participants imagined that they tempted fate, they thought it was more likely that they would get chosen by the professor to answer a difficult question in front of the entire class. [F02] Question: Is perceived power related to the vertical location of a person? How it was measured: Participants studied a schematic display of the hierarchy within an organization, including a manager and his team. In one group, the vertical line connecting the manager to the team was long (i.e., 7 cm). In the other group, the vertical line was short (i.e., 2 cm). Afterwards, participants estimated how much power they thought the manager held within the organization. What was found: If the vertical line connecting the manager to the team was long, participants estimated that the manager held more power within the organization. [F03] Question: Do difficult questions activate the concepts of "Google'' and computers in people's minds? How it was measured: Participants answered knowledge questions. In one group, participants answered difficult questions. In the other group, participants answered easy questions. Afterwards, they performed a reaction time task where they had to ignore computer-related words that were presented on the screen. What was found: If participants answered difficult questions, their reaction times were slower when computer-related words were present on the screen (which indicates that the concept of computers was active in their minds). [F04] Question: Are bigger groups characterized by more cultural diversity? How it was measured: A computer game was set up to be a multiplayer game, consisting of either 2, 4, 8, or 16 players. In this game the players had to collect points by either building arrowheads (a simple task), or building fishing nets (a difficult task). What was found: The more players were playing the game, the more likely it was that they increased the cultural diversity within the game (i.e., by building both items). [F05] Question: Do social comparisons influence people's well-being? How it was measured: Participants read a description of a person and were instructed to think about similarities and differences between them. In one group, the person was described as respected and liked by all their social groups. In the other group, the person was described as not respected and liked in any of their social groups. Afterwards, participants answered questions about their well-being. What was found: If participants compared themselves with a highly respected and liked person, participants reported lower well-being. [F06] Question: Is the learning strategy 'retrieval practice' more efficient than the learning strategy 'concept mapping'? How it was measured: Participants studied a science text using a certain learning strategy. In one group, participants used the learning strategy 'retrieval practice', which consists of learning - testing - learning. In the other group, participants used the learning strategy 'concept-mapping', in which participants create a diagram with nodes and links to connect different concepts. One week later participants were tested on this text. What was found: If participants used the learning strategy 'retrieval practice', they performed better on a memory test. [F07] Question: Do people avoid charities that dedicate a high percentage of donations to administrative and fundraising costs? How it was measured: People chose between donating to either a drinking water charity, or a volunteering charity. One group was told that 50% of the donations to the water charity were used to cover administrative and fundraising costs. The other group was told that all costs for the water charity were already covered. What was found: If administrative and fundraising costs were covered, people were more likely to donate to the water charity than to the volunteering charity, compared to when the costs were not covered. [F08] Question: Does feeling morally dirty increase people's need to wash themselves? How it was measured: Participants hand copied a story written in the first person. In one group, participants rewrote an unethical short story about sabotaging a co-worker. In the other group, participants rewrote an ethical short story about helping a co-worker. Afterwards, participants expressed their desire for cleaning products (e.g., soap, toothpaste). What was found: If participants rewrote an unethical story, they had a higher desire for cleansing products. [F09] Question: Are groups less likely to reduce inequality if the group members know the wealth of each other? How it was measured: In a game, participants could share resources with co-players or keep it to themselves. At the start of the game, the resources were distributed unevenly between the players. In one group, participants saw the amount of resources of other players. In the other group, participants only saw their own resources. What was found: If participants knew the amount of resources from other players, the inequality between the players remained higher. [F10] Question: Does washing hands weaken people's urge to justify their choice for a non-preferred item? How it was measured: Participants ranked 10 CDs based on how much they would like to own them. Then, the participants could choose to keep their 5th or 6th choice. After the choice, participants were asked to evaluate a soap and then to rank the CDs again. In one group, participants evaluated the soap after they washed their hands with it. In the other group, participants evaluated the soap without washing their hands with it. What was found: If participants evaluated the soap without washing their hands with it, they increased their preference for their chosen CD. [F11] Question: Do people enjoy doing nothing? How it was measured: Participants spent a short amount of time by themselves in an empty room. In one group, participants were instructed to spend their time on a non-social activity (e.g., listening to music, reading a book, surfing the Web). In the other group, participants were instructed to entertain themselves with their thoughts (without any external activity). Afterwards participants answered questions about how enjoyable this experience was. What was found: If participants had just their thoughts to entertain themselves, they enjoyed themselves less. [F12] Question: Can reading literary fiction improve people's understanding of other people's emotions? How it was measured: Participants read a short text passage. In one group, the text passage was literary fiction. In the other group, the text passage was non-fiction. Afterwards, participants had to identify people's expressed emotion (e.g., happy, angry) based on images of the eyes only. What was found: Participants were better at recognizing the correct emotion after reading literary fiction. [F13] Question: Are people's estimations of numbers influenced by unrelated numbers that are incidentally present in the environment? How it was measured: Participants read a description about a new cell phone. In one group, the cell phone was called P17. In the other group, the cell phone was called P97. Afterwards, participants predicted its proportion of sales. What was found: If the cell phone was called P97, participants predicted a higher proportion of sales. [F14] Question: Do people's concerns about global warming change when the concept of heat or cold is active in their minds? How it was measured: Participants performed a task in which they had to unscramble sentences. In one group, participants read sentences that contained words related to hot temperatures. In the other group, people read sentences that contained words related to cold temperatures. Afterwards, participants reported the degree in which they were concerned about global warming. What was found: If participants read sentences that contained words related to hot temperatures, participants were more concerned about global warming. [F15] Question: Do people want to eat less food, after they repeatedly imagined eating it? How it was measured: Participants had to imagine 33 repetitive actions, one at a time. In one group, participants imagined eating 30 M&Ms and then inserting 3 coins in a laundry machine. In the other group, participants imagined inserting 33 coins in a laundry machine. Afterwards, participants could eat from a bowl containing M&Ms. What was found: If participants imagined eating 30 M&Ms, they ate fewer M&Ms from the bowl. [F16] Question: Are people's judgements of how similar two concepts are influenced by the order in which they were mentioned? How it was measured: Participants rated how similar two countries were to each other (e.g., "How similar is the USA to Lebanon?''). One of the countries was well-known to the participants (e.g., the USA). The other country was less familiar to the participants (e.g., Lebanon). In one group, the well-known country was mentioned first. In the other group, the less known country was mentioned first. What was found: If the well-known country was mentioned first, participants judged the two countries as less similar. [F17] Question: Does poverty drain people's attention? How it was measured: Participants played the game ''Wheel of Fortune'', a game in which people have to guess letters in word puzzles. In one group, participants were given 6 chances per round to guess letters (i.e., 'poor' players). In the other group, participants were given 20 chances per round to guess letters (i.e., 'rich' players). Afterwards, they completed an attention task. What was found: If participants were given few chances per round to guess letters, they performed worse in the subsequent attention task. [F18] Question: Can people distinguish between positive and negative emotions based on the body alone? How it was measured: Participants looked at images of athletes that either just scored or just lost a point in a competition. Without seeing any facial expressions, they then judged whether the image depicted a positive or negative emotion. What was found: Participants correctly recognized the underlying emotions based on the image of the body alone. That is, they rated the images of winning athletes as more positive then the images of losing athletes. [F19] Question: Do people with a "materialism mindset" trust others less? How it was measured: Participants read a dilemma about distributing resources related to water conservation. In one group, other parties involved in the water conservation problem were referred to as "consumers". In the other group, these parties were referred to as "individuals". Afterwards, participants had to report their trust towards the other parties involved in the water conservation problem. What was found: If other parties involved in the water conservation problem were referred to as 'consumers', participants trusted these parties less. [F20] Question: Does the detection of new objects improve people's ability to detect subtle changes in similar objects? How it was measured: Participants looked at a series of object images. Afterwards, they had to look again at a series of objects and judged whether they were 'old' (seen before), 'new', or 'similar' (looked like something seen before, but not the same). What was found: If 'new' objects were shown before 'similar' objects, then more participants recognized the 'similar' objects correctly. [F21] Question: Do people find positive characteristics more important in decisions in which they are awarding something, and find negative characteristics more important in decisions in which they are denying something? How it was measured: Participants imagined that they were members of a jury, who had to decide which parent would obtain custody for a child. One parent was described as having average features concerning, for instance, income, work-related absence, and relationship to the child. The other parent had both extreme positive characteristics (e.g., very close relationship to the child), but also extreme negative characteristics (e.g., much work-related absence). In one group, participants were asked to which parent they would award custody for the child. In the other group, participants were asked to which parent they would deny custody for the child. What was found: In both groups, participants selected the extreme parent more often than the average parent. [F22] Question: When learning new words, does taking a test help people to remember links between the words and their meaning? How it was measured: Participants learned 48 Swahili words by writing down links between each Swahili word and its meaning. In one group, the learning strategy of the participants involved learning - testing - learning. In the other group, the learning strategy of the participants involved learning - relearning, without testing. One week later, participants did a memory test in which they got the instruction to write down the meaning of the Swahili word, and their self-generated link between the word and its meaning. What was found: If participants used a learning strategy that involved learning - testing - learning, they remembered more of their self-generated links between the words and their meaning. [F23] Question: Do beliefs of others influence people's actions, even if these beliefs are irrelevant? How it was measured: Participants watched a short cartoon. In the cartoon, a character places a ball behind a box, which then rolls away. Then, the character lifts the box and reveals the ball, which returned unexpectedly. Participants were instructed to press a button as soon as they detected the ball. In one group, the character saw the ball rolling away. In the other group, the character did not see the ball rolling away. What was found: If the character believed that the ball was behind the box, participants detected the ball faster. [F24] Question: Do people preserve common resources for future generations if they make collective decisions? How it was measured: In a game, participants chose how many resources they would extract from a pool, and how many they wanted to preserve for future game players. In one group, each participant made their own decision on how many resources they want to extract from the pool. In the other group, participants voted for the combined amount of resources they would extract. What was found: If people had to vote on the combined amount of resources they would extract from the pool, more resources were preserved for future generations of game players. [F25] Question: Do people's logic skills improve if the concept of analytic thinking is active in their minds? How it was measured: Participants solved difficult logic problems. In one group, the logic problems were printed in a font that was hard to read (activating the analytical mindset). In the other group, the logic problems were printed in a font that was easy to read. What was found: If the logic problems were printed in a font that was hard to read, participants solved more of the logic problems correctly. [F26] Question: Does preferential treatment encourage women to enter competition with others? How it was measured: In a game, male and female participants chose whether they wanted to compete against each other, or whether they wanted to get judged based on their individual performance. In one group, women received a preferential treatment if they entered the competition, that is, one point was automatically added to their score. In the other group, women did not receive a preferential treatment. What was found: If women received a preferential treatment, then they would choose to enter a competition with others more often. [F27] Question: Does analytic thinking trigger religious disbelief? How it was measured: Participants looked at an image. One group looked at an image of "The Thinker'', that is a sculpture of a person in a thinking position. The other group looked at an image which depicted a sculpture of a discus thrower. Afterwards, they answered questions about their religiosity. What was found: Participants who had seen "The Thinker'' reported lower religious belief compared to people who had seen the sculpture of a discus thrower.